Growing up, I always loved books. I would always try to read in between classes, flip through pages during meals, and try to finish books under the closet light at night. I began dreaming of writing a book of my own too. I finished a flimsy draft of my first “novel”– three notebooks about male, white and straight characters that drank ginger ale and wore jumpers. I didn’t know — and still don’t know — what ginger ale tastes like. Thailand was also too hot for jumpers.This was when I realized that an unconscious narrative had been already crafted: white, male, straight and without disabilities. I wrote only what I knew. What I knew to exist in books, the media and literature.One day, I came across a novel, Nothing Burns as Bright as You, by Ashley Woodfolk. The story interweaves the incredibly powerful and poignant story of two queer girls of color that whispered validation, visibility and  understanding through shared experiences and identities. This was the first time I had felt so seen. I began exploring more books by diverse authors -- to feel validation from the experience of being a girl hiding sanitary pads in pockets, to feel visible from the shared struggle of English not being my first language, to feel represented through the intersectional identities of being queer, Asian and female. It all feels like magic — when it should be a given that we all deserve.Women and the media is one of the 12 critical areas of concern outlined in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. In a 2015 article on that, UN Women wrote: “The media plays a significant role in perpetuating and challenging social norms that condone discrimination or violence against women. It can objectify women but also showcase strong women leaders and protagonists who can become role models for their audience.”Over the years, as writing grew to become one of my biggest channels for activism, I have learned that the key to advocacy is education and awareness. One of the most important frameworks for this is the consideration of intersectionality and inclusion. Always ask: “Who am I leaving behind?”Representation and diversity the media and literature is a work in progress. There aren’t enough books portraying main characters from marginalized and underrepresented communities. There are voices and stories that have never been heard. Still, we must keep reading, writing and fighting for the representation, visibility and validation that we all deserve, in the media, literature and beyond.Author: Premrudee Mepremwattana

Alisa Sivathorn is a Disability Inclusion and Empowerment Specialist at the UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub (BRH). She is actively involved in projects and initiatives related to disability inclusion, business integrity, and the intersection of disability rights and economic development in the Asia and Pacific region. Prior to her work with the UNDP, she co-founded two startup companies focused on providing solutions for social problems such as persons with disability and the environment.Alisa, as a leader committed to promoting inclusive economic growth, what inspired your transition into advocating for diversity and inclusion along with economic development?I do not think that what happened to me was a “transition.” I would call it a “realization.” Ten years ago, I worked on a project empowering women with disabilities in Thailand. I had the chance to travel to many provinces, talk to them, and learn from these women’s experiences. I heard many stories from women with different types of disabilities. I learned that the challenges in their lives did not only occur because of their disabilities, but also due to other identities they possessed. They could not attend school because their parents feared for their safety. They could not go to work because there was no accessible public transportation available. When they faced gender-based violence (GBV), they could not escape because they were very dependent on their families, and most of the time, the violence occurred within their families.I then vowed to empower persons with disabilities to reach their maximum potential, recognizing that we cannot only focus on the disabilities themselves since there are other factors that play a crucial role in their lives. It dawned on me that the disabled community is very diverse, made up of women, men, children, LGBTIQ+, Indigenous people, and more. So, how could we make society more equitable and inclusive for all?Your work focuses on the intersection of diversity, inclusion, and sustainable development. Could you explain why it’s essential to prioritize the needs of marginalized groups in policies designed to drive economic growth?Economic development cannot be promoted to its fullest growth without the involvement of all groups in the population. Prioritizing the needs of marginalized groups in economic growth policies isn't just about fairness—though that's a crucial aspect. It's also about optimizing the effectiveness and sustainability of economic development itself. Here is why this is very important:Marginalized groups often face barriers to full participation in the economy, such as limited access to education, healthcare, or financial resources. By addressing these barriers, policies can ensure that everyone has the opportunity to contribute to and benefit from economic growth. This leads to a more inclusive economy where the talents and innovations of all individuals are harnessed. When marginalized communities are empowered and provided with equal opportunities, their increased participation can significantly boost economic productivity and innovation. Diverse perspectives and experiences can drive creativity and problem-solving, leading to more dynamic and robust economic systems.Additionally, inclusive policies that address the needs of marginalized groups can contribute to more sustainable economic practices by promoting social cohesion, reducing inequality, and fostering long-term stability. Economic disparities can lead to social tensions and instability. By addressing the needs of marginalized communities, policies can contribute to social harmony and stability, which are essential for sustained economic growth. A society where people feel valued and have opportunities for advancement is more likely to be cohesive and supportive of broader economic goals.In summary, integrating the needs of marginalized groups into economic growth policies is not just a matter of ethical imperative but also a strategic approach to fostering a more inclusive, innovative, and sustainable economy.The conversation around inclusion and equity has evolved significantly over the last decade. How has the commitment to diversity and inclusion translated into tangible changes within the economic landscape of your country, Thailand?There are several changes in the Asia and Pacific region, including Thailand. The leading three developments that have improved economic development are:First, an increase in gender representation in leadership. Many organizations in the region have made strides in improving gender diversity and the representation of marginalized groups in leadership positions. Organizations in both public and private sectors are implementing policies to support women and underrepresented groups in reaching executive roles, which has led to more inclusive decision-making processes and perspectives at the top levels.Second, economic opportunities and growth. Embracing diversity and inclusion has opened up new economic opportunities. For instance, firms that prioritize diverse talent pools often experience enhanced creativity and innovation, leading to better business outcomes. In some cases, this has translated into increased competitiveness in global markets.Third, policy and regulation changes. Governments across the region are increasingly recognizing the importance of diversity and inclusion. This has led to the implementation of regulations and policies aimed at promoting equal opportunity in the workplace. For example, some countries have introduced laws requiring companies to report on gender diversity and pay equity.With the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action approaching, how do you assess the landscape of women's rights and gender equality has evolved in Thailand? What are the most notable changes you have witnessed?From what I have witnessed in Thailand so far, one of the major changes in our society has been having more women and people from the LGBTIQ+ community represented in high-level positions. For example, we have more women sitting in the House of Parliament, both Lower and Upper Houses. There are MPs who represent the LGBTIQ+ and Indigenous communities, and recently, the greatest number of women in the cabinet. I think Thai society now understands and recognizes that the voices of all genders and other marginalized groups should be heard. Additionally, Thailand passed important new legislation that recognized the rights to marriage for same-sex couples.What three critical issues of gender equality would you like to highlight for urgent attention from national authorities and What are your expectations for Beijing+30?I strongly believe that individuals, regardless of gender identity, should have the right to form families and receive equal support from the government. In Thailand, however, there is no policy that grants same-sex parents parental leave to care for their newborns. Extending parental leave to all genders would send a clear message that national authorities value family institutions in all their diversity, and it would also be a significant step in supporting the recently enacted same-sex marriage bill. Although there has been progress in increasing the representation of women and underrepresented groups in leadership roles, their presence is still too small to drive substantial policy changes. Women and LGBTIQ+ individuals in high-level positions continue to face discrimination and gender-based stigmas, such as female politicians enduring verbal harassment from male counterparts and public doubts about their competence. Finally, gender is often seen as a “women’s issue,” which overlooks its broader impact on various communities like people with disabilities, youth, and Indigenous populations. Our government needs to recognize that inclusive attitudes toward gender and diversity are crucial for effective policy-making. Without an understanding of intersectionality, no policy will truly serve the diverse needs of society. The greatest challenge in advocating for inclusive policies is overcoming the social attitudes that heavily influence how policies are framed and whether they address the lived experiences of people with diverse gender identities.I wish to see this platform not only provide space for women but also for other groups that the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action should focus more attention on, such as women with disabilities, Indigenous women, and others. When space is made for women, often only successful women are leading the dialogue, while women from the general population should also be recognized. Not every woman can speak on behalf of other women, so opportunities for women from underrepresented groups need to be increased.

Globally, teacher shortages have contributed to a learning crisis in which half of all students now in school in the Asia-Pacific are expected to leave without basic literacy and numeracy skills. In low and middle-income countries, 70% of 10-year-olds cannot read or understand a simple text. ‘At a time when the world is struggling to recruit and retain teachers, it is critical than we listen to the voices of those on the front lines,’ says Soohyun Kim, Regional Director of UNESCO Bangkok.  ‘If we are serious about addressing the learning crisis in our region and globally, teachers’ expertise should help guide educational reform from the ground up,’ Kim added. To mark World Teachers Day on 5 October, the UNESCO Regional Office in Bangkok, in collaboration with the UNESCO Offices in Phnom Penh and Hanoi, spoke with teachers from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Viet Nam about their unique perspectives on education, students’ needs, and policy.  The excerpts below, edited for length and clarity, were originally published on UNESCO Bangkok’s social media platforms.
 ‘Teachers’ insights can shape a more inclusive curriculum.’
  
‘Teachers play a crucial role in the education system. They are constantly learning about new subjects, educational technologies, and pedagogical strategies to meet the needs of students and keep pace with the rapidly evolving world.

In a country like Cambodia, where students come from diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, teachers’ insights are invaluable in shaping a more inclusive and adaptable curriculum that aligns with students’ real-world needs. Their voices ensure that educational reforms are not just top-down initiatives but collaborative efforts that enhance the overall quality of education.’— Chhav Chheng Y, teacher, Svay Teab Primary School, Cambodia
 ‘Teachers can speak about the realities of the education system.’
  
'The title, “teacher” is one I wear with pride. I feel proud when my students achieve their learning goals efficiently and complete each level of education. When learning outcomes improve, students, parents, and my colleagues are all smiles.But being a teacher also comes with challenges. Some students struggle to achieve the objectives of the lesson. Some are from ethnic minority backgrounds and speak Lao as their second language. Some parents do not have time to be involved with homework. And some parents do not encourage their children to go to school.Teachers can speak about the realities of the education system. They know the circumstances of the learners and how to adapt the national curriculum to local contexts.  Amplifying teachers' voices will help reduce dropout rates and ensure parents better understand the importance of their children staying in school.’— Saykham Padichit, teacher educator, Luangnamtha Teacher Training College, Lao PDR
 ‘Teachers see first-hand how children develop and learn.’
  
‘Most of the children I teach are from ethnic minority backgrounds and come from very poor communities. The most challenging thing about being a teacher is seeing children in an environment that compromises their future well-being.  I would not have pride in my profession if I stood by and did nothing for them.  I am determined to impart as much knowledge as I can, so the children can reach a level of learning appropriate for their age. 

Teachers’ voices are important. They can improve educational policies because teachers see first-hand how children develop and learn, and devise strategies for addressing the challenges they face. For example, most of the children in my classes struggled to write Thai consonants correctly. So, I coached each child one-on-one. My method may be a bit time consuming, but if it allows children to learn well, I’m willing to invest the time. The most rewarding thing about being a teacher is that what we teach helps children develop a wide range of skills and values—reading, writing, the cultivation of discipline, volunteerism, humility, and accountability.’— Janwan Withuchamnan, kindergarten teacher, Ban Pa Rai School, Thailand
 ‘As a teacher, I serve as an example for my students.’
  
‘As a teacher, I feel the need to serve as an example for students. I need to always improve myself and learn new things that are suitable for educating students. Regarding policy, I think there is a need for teacher training and development opportunities to improve our professional and pedagogical skills. Also, school counsellors need more training to attune them to the age-specific psychology of students today.’

— Lê Thị Hồng Nhan, teacher and school counsellor, Loan Mỹ Secondary School, Viet Nam

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Bangkok, 21 October 2024 – With the recent flooding situation in Thailand underscoring the severe impact of extreme weather on people’s livelihoods, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), in collaboration with Thailand’s Department of Climate Change and Environment (DCCE) and the Department of Coastal and Marine Resources (DMCR), presents three key solutions to strengthen Thailand's capacity to adapt to climate change and increase its climate resilience: a climate-risk projection platform, climate adaptation measures, and financing strategies for climate change adaptation in marine and coastal areas. These long-term solutions range from policy to digital and financial approaches. They have been developed and achieved through the project “Increasing Resilience to Climate Change Impacts in Marine and Coastal Areas along the Gulf of Thailand,” funded by the Green Climate Fund. The project focuses on enhancing planning and capacity, mainstreaming climate adaptation, and creating strategies for future financing.Launched in August 2020, this four-year initiative is working to integrate climate change adaptation into planning and budgeting processes for Thailand’s marine and coastal areas. Four provinces—Rayong, Phetchaburi, Surat Thani, and Songkhla—were prioritized to develop sustainable solutions, particularly for the vulnerable Gulf of Thailand region, aimed at addressing Thailand’s climate vulnerability. Thailand ranks 9th globally among countries most affected by extreme weather events from 2001 to 2020.

  
“The rise in extreme weather events globally, including in Thailand, highlights the pressing need for countries to enhance their ability to adapt to climate challenges like floods, storms, and heatwaves, which are growing more unpredictable.At UNDP, we integrate climate, nature, and development, offering support to Thailand at both policy and community levels. Our efforts aim to align National Biodiversity Strategies (NBSAPs) with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), focusing on sustainable land management, ecosystem restoration—particularly marine ecosystems—and solutions that serve both people and the planet.” said Irina Goryunova, UNDP Deputy Resident Representative to Thailand.

  
"I am very pleased to be a part of the development of this project in collaboration with UNDP and the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, supported by the Green Climate Fund (GCF). This project is extremely important in light of the various disasters we face.What we design will help build resilience to prepare for future disasters that may occur, such as rising global temperatures, sudden flooding, and the loss of marine ecosystems, including coral bleaching. Therefore, it is crucial that we seek new balanced approaches for a sustainable ecosystem. The success of this initiative relies on partnerships with all sectors: government, private sector, and the public," said Dr. Pirun Sayasithpanit, Director-General of the Department of Climate Change and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.Thailand’s coastal areas are among the most affected. According to studies, significant damage has been observed in approximately 74.8 square kilometers of coral reefs, 150 square kilometers of seagrass, and 2,502 square kilometers of mangroves. Thirty-nine coral bleaching hotspots have been identified in the Gulf of Thailand, with the most severely impacted areas located in Chumphon, Surat Thani, and Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces. Additionally, coastal erosion, exacerbated by the removal of beach and dune sediments, affects around 230 kilometers of Thailand’s coastline, particularly in the upper Gulf region.The three key solutions proposed by the project aim to contribute to Thailand’s long-term climate resilience:To support better decision-making and design climate-responsive policies, the project offers a climate-risk projection platform called the Thailand Adaptation Platform, available on the DCCE website. This platform provides access to data on climate risk projections, vulnerability assessments, and a training manual on climate adaptation planning, equipping decision-makers at the sub-national level with the knowledge needed for informed planning and sustainable solutions.To enable marine and coastal areas to adapt to climate impacts, the project proposes climate adaptation measures that have been introduced, developed, and tested in the four pilot provinces mentioned above, with plans to scale them up to other coastal areas. These measures focus on nature-based solutions, including the creation of marine resource banks, the construction of sand fences to combat shoreline erosion, and the planting of coastal forests to protect vulnerable areas.To ensure sufficient investments in climate adaptation, particularly in marine and coastal areas, the project presents two financing strategies aimed at enabling public-private collaboration, leading to funding initiatives that enhance resilience in coastal and marine areas.To ensure lasting impact, the project emphasizes a localization approach, fostering collaboration with local institutions, including academic institutions and sub-national government entities. In Songkhla, through meaningful engagement with local communities, Prince of Songkhla University’s Faculty of Fisheries has recognized the urgency of climate adaptation and is developing a new course on the topic, currently pending approval from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation. Meanwhile, Burapha University in Chonburi Province will invest further in grassroots innovative solutions for shellfish aquaculture.

  
The localization effort has also led to concrete outcomes in provincial planning. In Songkhla, the Marine and Coastal Resources Management Office 5 will integrate a climate adaptation plan into the province's overall strategy, potentially inspiring private-sector engagement in future initiatives. Similarly, the Nern-Pra Municipality in Rayong has already implemented a nature-based solution—a sand fence to mitigate shore erosion—blending seamlessly into the natural landscape.The knowledge and capacity built through these efforts will continue to drive climate adaptation and resilience in Thailand’s marine and coastal regions. With the success of these pilot initiatives, there is growing potential to expand and replicate such efforts across other vulnerable provinces, ensuring that Thailand remains at the forefront of climate adaptation.Read the press release in Thai here.For further information and media enquiries, please contact: Karnklon Raktham, Head of Communications, UNDP in Thailandkarnklon.raktham@undp.org